落叶果树冬季管理技术要点

落叶果树冬季进入休眠期，果农田间管理时间长，农事操作方便，而在生产中，不少果农忽视了冬季这个果园管理的关键时期，造成树势衰弱、树形杂乱、病虫害严重。做好落叶果树冬季管理技术措施，对于增强树势，提高翌年果树产量、品质和效益起到关键性的作用。     

Mapping the spatial distribution of shade provision of street trees in Boston using Google Street View panoramas

Street trees provide shade and increase human thermal comfort during hot summer. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of shade provision of street trees in Boston, Massachusetts. The sky view factor (SVF), which influences the solar radiation to the ground and affects human thermal comfort, was used to indicate the contribution of street trees on shade provision. Google Street View (GSV) panoramas were used to calculate the photographic method based SVF (SVF_P), with the consideration of all kinds of obstructions within street canyons. A building height model was used to calculate the simulation based SVF (SVFs), with consideration of obstruction of building blocks only. Considering the fact that street trees and building blocks are the two major obstructions of radiation within street canyons, therefore, the difference between the two SVF estimation results can be considered as the shade provision of street trees. The results show that street trees help to decrease the SVF by 24.61% in Boston, Massachusetts. The shading level varies spatially in the study area. Generally, the southwestern area has much higher shading level than the north and the east. We further explored the shading variation among different socioeconomic groups in the study area. Result shows that Hispanics tend to live in neighborhoods with lower shading level. This study can help to provide a reference for future urban greening projects for global climate change adaption.     

云南怒江傈僳族自治州古树名木资源现状调查

对怒江傈僳族自治州人为活动区域古树名木资源现状进行调查。结果表明:共记录到古树名木496株,涉及36科54属76种,其中有8种国家重点保护野生植物,分别为澜沧黄杉、秃杉、南方红豆杉、云南榧树、千果榄仁、红椿、光叶珙桐和香果树;怒江州古树名木主要分布在乡村街道及远郊野外,占总数的98.8%,63.6%的古树生长在海拔1500~1999 m;古树名木的生长环境及长势总体较好,但保护力度相对薄弱,应采取相关措施加强保护和管理。     

不同新型作用机制杀菌剂对梨树主要病菌毒力及防治流程应用

 为明确多种新型作用机制杀菌剂与引起梨树褐斑病、黑星病、白粉病等病原菌的有效对靶关系及制定梨树主要病害防治流程,采用菌丝生长速率法、离体叶片法与田间药效方法研究新型杀菌剂对靶标病原菌的毒力、对靶标病害的防效及其田间有效应用,建立替代梨树主要病害传统化学杀菌剂的防治流程技术。结果显示,双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐在离体叶片法下对褐斑病的防效大于85%,田间药效验证3次用药后7 d防效大于85%、30 d防效大于80%、90 d防效仍大于60%,兼治轮纹病菌其毒力EC₅₀值均小于1 μg·mL^-1。双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐、辛菌胺醋酸盐、吩嗪α-2羧酸在离体叶片法下对黑星病防效大于90%且毒力EC₅₀值小于1 μg·mL^-1;田间药效验证1次用药后7 d防效大于80%、30 d防效仍大于75%。噻肟菌酯、硝苯菌酯、丙硫菌唑在离体叶片法下对白粉病的防效大于85%;田间药效验证3次用药后7 d铲除效果大于70%、30 d仍大于60%。丙硫菌唑对黑斑、轮纹病菌毒力EC₅₀值均小于1 μg·mL^-1;吩嗪α-2羧酸同时对褐斑、黑斑、轮纹病菌毒力EC₅₀值小于1 μg·mL^-1。针对梨树主要病害发生期,选用新型杀菌剂替代传统杀菌剂制定防治技术流程,其综合防效达到88.94%。不同新型作用机制杀菌剂在防治梨树主要病害上的应用,能够降低抗药性产生,同时达到有效防治的目的。     

树木挥发物对植食性昆虫的诱导抗性

树木挥发物质对植食性昆虫取食，产卵所产生的诱导抗性是树木与昆虫的长期协同进化过程中的必然结果，树木与植食性昆虫之间发展了一套互相调节，自身开拓资源，产生生存对策的复杂相互关系，本文着重阐明了树木与植食性昆虫的互相策略，诱导抗性的生物化学基础以及诱导抗性在调节植食性昆虫种群中的重要性。     

果树水分胁迫研究进展

从水分胁迫对果树叶、根的形态指标及显微结构 ,叶片气孔行为、光合作用、光抑制、活性氧代谢、脂氧合酶代谢、多胺代谢、脯氨酸、核酸代谢、内源激素变化等生理生化方面综述了近十几年来的研究成果 ,为全面研究果树抗旱机理及进一步制定抗旱措施奠定理论基础     

台江采育场竹木混交林丰产措施试验

对台江林业采育场现有竹木混交林进行施肥和土壤垦复两种试验，结果表明，不同施肥处理虽有一定增产效果，但经方差分析未达到显著水平；不同土壤垦复措施的增产效果，以深翻加施肥的新竹产量最高，锄草松土居第二，单纯深翻并不理想，效果不如劈山抚育。因而，新兴竹木混交林应以调整竹林结构和护笋养竹为主，每年锄草松土即可达到材用丰产林标准，不宜盲目深翻、施肥。     

叶面喷施抗蒸剂对苹果树水分状态的影响

研究了叶面喷施抗蒸剂对盆栽苹果水分状态的影响。结果表明：抗旱剂一号（主要成分为黄腐酸）可明显降低树体蒸腾（最低时为对照的３９．２１％）、提高气孔阻力（最大时为对照的２４３．９６％）和叶片水势（一般比对照提高０．２－０．４ＭＰａ、最大０．７ＭＰａ），并对叶温未产生明显的影响（变化一般小于１℃），有效作用期长达１５ｄ以上。在果树旱期喷施，可明显改善树体水分状态。腐殖酸效果不明显。     

观花乔木树种在沈阳街路推广与应用

通过对沈阳市街路栽植的观花乔木的现状分析,确定了观花乔木的引种与筛选原则,对初选出的近30种观花乔木进行了各种观测试验。基本摸清了这些观花乔木的生物学特性和生态习性;通过应用栽培试验,筛选出栾树、香花槐、红肉苹果、暴马丁香等26种优良观花乔木树种;列出了适合沈阳街路栽植的观花乔木树种名录并进行了推荐。     

Response of apple trees to boron fertilization under conditions of low soil boron availability

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of boron (B) fertilization on the vegetative and the reproductive responses of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees grown at low soil B availability. The experiment was carried out in 2005 under a greenhouse on 5-year-old ‘Jonagold’ apple trees/M.9 EMLA planted singly in 50-L containers filled with a sandy loam soil with hot water-soluble B concentration of 0.32 mg kg⁻¹. The trees were fertilized with B as foliar or soil application. Foliar B sprays were applied at the stage of pink bud, beginning of flowering, petal fall, and 10 days after flowering, at a solution concentration of 0.03%. Soil B fertilization was done at the bud break stage at a rate of 2 g per tree (27 mg B kg⁻¹ soil). The trees untreated with B served as the control. The results showed that soil B fertilization improved root development and tree vigor. Leaves of trees supplied with B to the soil had higher B concentration and chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and activity of catalase and glutathione reductase than those of the control plants. Boron fertilization, regardless of application mode, increased fruit yield; the efficiency of foliar B sprays was higher than soil B application. Apple fruits of trees fertilized with B to the soil were bigger, more colored, richer in B, and had higher soluble solids concentration, and titratable acidity compared to those of the control trees.